Penicilins and Cephalosporins
- These are based on betalactam rings
- They bind to penicilin binding proteins
- These are transpeptidase enzymes that they bind to and inhibit
- this stops the cross-linking of the peptidoglycan cell wall which provides integrity and prevents lysis of the bacteria
- They also inactivate molecules that inhibit autolytic enzymes in the cell wall
- this increases the breakdown of the cell wall leading to bacteria death
- some bacteria have mutations in these enzymes which means this doesn't happen but the bacteria can no-longer grow
- Resistance
- Bacteria can develop beta lactamases that break the betalactamases down
- can give betalactamase inhibitor like clavulanic acid
- Also develop drugs that are more resistant to breakdown but important to maintain the transpeptidase inhibitor activity
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